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packages in the vicinity of a fire may be protected or moved to safety.
(8) Before loading commence, any fire detection system should be tested.
(9) During loading, suitable fire-fighting appliances should be ready for use and
all unauthorized personnel should be cleared of the area.
(10) A responsible person should be present when dangerous goods are being
loaded and all packages should be tallied.
7.2.2. On any vessel liable to transport dangerous substances where conditions of
operation do not allow advance notice of the nature of the dangerous substances being
transported, there should be carried on board medical supplies including at least the
antidotes listed in the IMDG Code. However, on a regular trade, the antidotes might be
limited to those which have to be administered in cases of extreme emergency within a
period of time not exceeding the normal duration of the crossing.
7.3. Additional sources of information
7.3.1. The IMO Code of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes (BC Code),
provides guidance in the safe stowage and shipment of solid bulk cargoes, excluding
grain. It includes general advice on the procedures to be followed whenever bulk
cargoes are to be shipped, a description of the hazards associated with certain materials
and lists of typical material currently shipped in bulk.
7.3.2. The (IMO) Code of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes, Appendix B is to
be followed where certain solid dangerous substances are shipped in bulk. Additional
advice can be found in Chapter 24.
7.3.3. The IMO publication Emergency procedures for ships carrying
dangerous goods (EmS) gives information on the action to be taken in the event of an
incident involving certain dangerous goods. The goods included in the EmS are
classified according to the IMDG Code and are grouped so that goods requiring the
same or similar emergency action appear on one emergency schedule. Each emergency
schedule is divided into five sections:
(a) group title with the emergency schedule number;
(b) special equipment required;
(c) emergency procedures;
(d) emergency action;
(e) first aid.
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Carriage of dangerous goods
The appropriate schedules should be consulted before goods are loaded to ascertain that
the vessel has the correct equipment to deal with any incidents which might occur.
7.3.4. Pesticides used on board ship may be classed as dangerous goods;
information on various aspects of pest control can be found in the IMO
Recommendations on the safe use of pesticides in ships.
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8. Safe access to ship1
8.1. Means of access to ship
8.1.1. There should be a safe means of access between any ship and any quay,
pontoon or similar structure or another ship alongside which the ship is secured.
8.1.2. Seafarers should be provided with adequate information on how to make
their way safely to and from the ship through the marine terminal or shoreside cargo
handling area.2
8.1.3. In some modern ports access equipment and information on safe means of
access are provided by the port authorities. However, the master should ensure, as far as
possible, that the equipment meets the required safety standards.
8.1.4. Seafarers should not use a means of access which is unsafe. They should
also use means of access with care, e.g. they should make several trips or use a stores
crane when carrying personal gear, stores or ship's equipment rather than attempting to
carry too much at once.
8.1.5. All access arrangements should be supervised at all times, either by seafarers
or by shore personnel, particularly in ports which have large tidal ranges.3
8.1.6. Access should generally be by an accommodation ladder or gangway which
is appropriate to the deck layout, size, shape and maximum freeboard of the ship.
8.1.7. Any access equipment should be of good construction, sound material,
adequate strength, free from obvious defect, properly maintained and inspected at
frequent intervals. It should not be painted or treated to conceal cracks or defects.
8.1.8. Access equipment should be placed in position promptly after the ship has
been secured and remain in position while the ship is secured.
8.1.9. A lifebuoy with a self-activating light and a separate safety line or some
similar device should be provided at the point of access aboard the ship.
8.1.10. All access equipment and the approaches to such equipment should be
properly illuminated.
8.1.11. Seafarers should use only the appropriate equipment for ship access.
1
The ILO Code of Practice on Safety and Health in Dock Work (revised, 1977) and the ILO
Guide to safety and health in dock work (revised, 1988) contain more detailed information on means
of access to vessels.
2
The duty to ensure the safety of seafarers in port areas is stressed in the Seafarers' Welfare at Sea
and in Port Recommendation, 1987 (No. 173) (Paragraphs 3 and 19).
3
Besides contributing to the protection of seafarers against accidents, such surveillance also
enhances security against unauthorized persons, including criminals, from boarding the vessel.
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Safe access to ship
8.1.12. As far as is practicable, access equipment should be kept free of any snow,
ice, grease or other substance likely to cause a slip or fall.
8.1.13. Any gap between the dockside and the ship, whereby a person on the ship's
means of access might fall into the water, should be protected by a safety net, of suitable
size, mesh and construction, secured to the ship and dockside, as appropriate.
8.1.14. The means of access and its immediate approaches should be kept free
from obstruction and, as far as practicable, kept clear of any substance likely to cause a
slip or fall.
8.1.15. The means of access should be sited so that no suspended load passes over
it.
8.1.16. Gangways and accommodation ladders should be clearly marked with the
maximum permitted angle of use and maximum safe loading in both number of persons
and total weight. Under no circumstances should this limit be exceeded.
8.1.17. Further guidance concerning access to vehicle ferries or roll-on/roll-off
vessels may be found in Chapter 24.
8.2. Ship's accommodation ladders and gangways
8.2.1. (1) Any accommodation ladder or gangways should be:
(a) at least 55 cm in width; and
(b) provided with stanchions and taut rails, chains or fencing on both sides.
(2) Stanchions should not be more than 3 m apart, and properly secured to avoid
inadvertent displacement.
(3) Fencing should be at least lm high, with an intermediate rail or chain at a height
of about 50 cm.
(4) The accommodation ladder or gangway should be so constructed that ordinary
changes in the ship's draught or height above the quay can be easily accommodated.
(5) Where practicable, accommodation ladders should have a swivel top platform,
slip-resistant treads and wheels or rollers at the bottom.
(6) Any necessary adjustment should not tilt the treads or steps to such an extent that
they cease to offer a firm foothold.
(7) Duckboards should be fitted to provide a secure foothold at small angles of
inclination.
8.2.2. (1) The gap between the top of the gangway or ladder and the ship should be
protected on each side by handrails, taut chains or other suitable means, with intermediate
chains at a height to match the handrails and intermediate protection of the gangway.
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Accident prevention on board ship
(2) If the upper end rests on or is flush with the top of a rail or bulwark, substantial
and properly secured steps fitted with an adequate handrail should be provided to ensure
safe passage to and from the gangway.
8.2.3. Where practicable, accommodation ladders should not be used at a greater
angle to the horizontal than 55 degrees.
8.2.4. If the gangway rests on rollers or wheels, it should be fitted or protected in
such a way as to prevent the user's feet from being caught and it should be placed in a
position which does not restrict the free movement of the rollers or wheels.
8.2.5. A gangway should never be permitted to drop between the shore and the
ship in such a way that it may be crushed or damaged.
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